Synthesis gas as a fuel for internal combustion engines in transportation

The adverse environmental impact of fossil fuel combustion in engines has motivated research towards using alternative low-carbon fuels. In recent years, there been an increased interest studying the mixtures consisting mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide, referred to as syngas, which can be considered a promising toward cleaner technologies for power generation. This paper provides extensive review syngas production application internal (IC) primary or secondary fuel. First, brief overview is presented, introducing various methods its production, focusing on historical use summarizing merits drawbacks Then physicochemical properties relevant IC are reviewed, highlighting studies fundamental characteristics, such ignition delay time laminar turbulent flame speeds. main body devoted reviewing effect utilization performance emissions characteristics spark (SI), compression (CI), homogeneous charge (HCCI), advanced dual-fuel reactivity-controlled (RCCI) engines. Finally, on-board reforming techniques vehicles reviewed potential route further increases efficiency decreases These then related reported behavior blends It was found that selection method, choice base reforming, properties, strategy, engine system operating conditions play critical roles dictating advantages discussion present valuable insights future possible transport.